![]() The draw was added prior to 1850 (when it was first mentioned in print in a handbook of games). Soon after this spread, the full 52-card French deck was used and the flush was introduced. As it spread north along the Mississippi River and to the West during the gold rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer ethos. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by Mississippi riverboats, on which gambling was a common pastime. Green's book, An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling (G. Įnglish actor Joseph Cowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, and four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling. 20 card poker was a variant for two players (it is a common English practice to reduce the deck in card games when there are fewer players). It was played in a variety of forms, with 52 cards, and included both straight poker and stud. In this view poker originated much later, in the early or mid-18th century, and spread throughout the Mississippi River region by 1800. The unique features of poker have to do with the betting, and do not appear in any known older game. One modern source rejects these ancestries, as they focus on the card play in poker, which is trivial and could have been derived from any number of games or made up on general cardplay principles. ![]() It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now. The English game brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. ![]() Yet it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. Pokah) ('Pocket') or even the French poque, which descended from the German pochen ('to brag as a bluff' lit. The name of the game likely descended from the Irish Poca (Pron. Foster wrote: "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of As-Nas." There is evidence that a game called poque, a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. In the 1837 edition of Foster's Complete Hoyle, R. Officers of the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry playing cards in front of tents.
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